A bright light, such as an indirect ophthalmoscope or a flashlight, is directed with an angle of about 45° to the optical axis from below to the upper peripheral retina. This test should be performed in a room as dark as possible in order to start with large pupils ( Wilhelm, 1998). The swinging-flashlight test looks for differences between the visual afferent pathways of the two eyes. If this is the case, a different approach is necessary. Preconditions are two pupils with the ability to react equally, i.e., no fixed or poorly reacting pupil, no marked anisocoria ( Fig. The swinging-flashlight test compares the direct light reactions of both eyes ( Levatin et al., 1973).
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